Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 28
Filter
1.
Neuroscience Bulletin ; (6): 328-342, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-971568

ABSTRACT

From birth to adulthood, we often align our behaviors, attitudes, and opinions with a majority, a phenomenon known as social conformity. A seminal framework has proposed that conformity behaviors are mainly driven by three fundamental motives: a desire to gain more information to be accurate, to obtain social approval from others, and to maintain a favorable self-concept. Despite extensive interest in neuroimaging investigation of social conformity, the relationship between brain systems and these fundamental motivations has yet to be established. Here, we reviewed brain imaging findings of social conformity with a componential framework, aiming to reveal the neuropsychological substrates underlying different conformity motivations. First, information-seeking engages the evaluation of social information, information integration, and modification of task-related activity, corresponding to brain networks implicated in reward, cognitive control, and tasks at hand. Second, social acceptance involves the anticipation of social acceptance or rejection and mental state attribution, mediated by networks of reward, punishment, and mentalizing. Third, self-enhancement entails the excessive representation of positive self-related information and suppression of negative self-related information, ingroup favoritism and/or outgroup derogation, and elaborated mentalizing processes to the ingroup, supported by brain systems of reward, punishment, and mentalizing. Therefore, recent brain imaging studies have provided important insights into the fundamental motivations of social conformity in terms of component processes and brain mechanisms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Conformity , Motivation , Brain , Social Behavior , Brain Mapping
2.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e249440, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1431134

ABSTRACT

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar traços da mentalidade potencialmente autoritária a partir do discurso de usuários do Facebook vinculados a páginas de cunho político autodeclarado de direita e de esquerda no Brasil. A Netnografia é utilizada como aporte metodológico para imersão on-line nas páginas "Eu era Direita e não sabia" e "Jovens de Esquerda", selecionadas por meio do Facebook Audience Insights, ferramenta disponibilizada pelo Facebook. Delas, foram extraídas oito postagens com maior engajamento (número de comentários, curtidas e compartilhamentos), identificadas pelo Netvizz. Foram coletados 3.489 comentários, os quais foram organizados em um corpus textual submetido ao software IRAMUTEQ e analisados sob a perspectiva da análise crítica imanente da teoria crítica. Como resultado, apresenta-se a forma como o pensamento autoritário se manifesta na racionalização da sociedade contemporânea e nas práticas discursivas em redes sociais on-line, enraizada no âmbito sociopolítico brasileiro, ameaçando o processo democrático e a construção de uma sociedade plural e liberta.(AU)


This study aims to analyze traits of the potentially authoritarian mentality from the speech of Facebook users linked to political pages self-declared as rightist and leftist in Brazil. Netnography is used as a methodological contribution for online immersion in the pages "Eu era Direita e não sabia" and "Jovens de Esquerda" selected via Facebook Audience Insights, a tool provided by Facebook. From these, eight posts with greater engagement (number of comments, likes and shares), identified by Netvizz, were extracted. We collected 3,489 comments, which were organized in a textual corpus submitted to IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed from the perspective of immanent critical analysis of Critical Theory. As a result, we present the way in which authoritarian thinking manifests itself in the rationalization of contemporary society and in discursive practices in online social networks, rooted in the Brazilian socio-political sphere, threatening the democratic process and the construction of a plural and free society.(AU)


Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las huellas de la mentalidad potencialmente autoritaria a partir de los discursos de usuarios en Facebook vinculados a páginas políticas autodeclaradas de derecha y de izquierda en Brasil. La netnografía se utiliza como marco metodológico para la inmersión en línea en las páginas "Eu era Direita e não sabia" y "Jovens de Esquerda", seleccionadas por Facebook Audience Insights, herramienta proporcionada por Facebook. Se extrajeron las ocho publicaciones con mayor compromiso (número de comentarios, gustos y compartidas), identificadas por Netvizz. Se recogieron 3.489 comentarios, los cuales fueron organizados en un corpus textual sometido al software IRAMUTEQ y analizado bajo la perspectiva del análisis crítico inmanente de la teoría crítica. Los resultados presentan la forma en que el pensamiento autoritario se manifiesta en la racionalización de la sociedad contemporánea y en prácticas discursivas en redes sociales en línea, arraigada en el ámbito sociopolítico brasileño, que amenazan el proceso democrático y la construcción de una sociedad plural y liberada.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Politics , Authoritarianism , Social Networking , Permissiveness , Persuasive Communication , Policy Making , Prejudice , Psychology , Scapegoating , Social Behavior , Social Change , Social Conformity , Social Desirability , Psychological Distance , Social Dominance , Social Identification , Social Isolation , Social Justice , Social Problems , Social Support , Social Welfare , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Stereotyping , Unemployment , Social Control Policies , Attitude , Character , Conflict of Interest , Congress , Civil Rights , Civilization , Computer Security , Competitive Behavior , Community Participation , Cultural Diversity , Feminism , Internet , Journalism , Modernization of the Public Sector , Crime , Cybernetics , Legislative , Democracy , Whistleblowing , Dehumanization , Dissent and Disputes , Aggression , Racial Groups , Economics , Research Policy Evaluation , Information Society Indicators , Ethics , Altruism , Social Media , Sexism , Social Discrimination , External Debt , Social Skills , Self-Control , Diplomacy , Defamation , Censorship, Research , Health Governance , Harassment, Non-Sexual , Incivility , Political Activism , Cultural Rights , Freedom , Sustainable Development , Cyberbullying , Egocentrism , Corruption , Civil Society , Empowerment , Social Evolution , Social Defeat , Social Representation , Disinformation , Intersectional Framework , Social Cohesion , Citizenship , Psychological Well-Being , Government , Hate , Human Rights , Interpersonal Relations , Lobbying , Deception , Mass Behavior , Mass Media , Anonyms and Pseudonyms , Negativism
3.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e241608, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1448958

ABSTRACT

O distanciamento social ocasionado pela pandemia de Covid-19 levou a profundas mudanças na rotina das famílias com crianças pequenas, aumentando o estresse no ambiente doméstico. Este estudo analisou a experiência de planejamento e implementação de um projeto de extensão universitária que ofereceu orientação a pais com filhos de 0 a 11 anos por meio de chamadas de áudio durante a pandemia. O protocolo de atendimento foi desenvolvido para atender às necessidades de famílias de baixa renda e listava problemas específicos relacionados ao confinamento em casa e ao fechamento das escolas seguidos por uma variedade de estratégias de enfrentamento. A análise de 223 queixas relatadas pelos usuários em 130 ligações revelou que 94% dos problemas referidos pelos pais foram contemplados pelo protocolo de atendimento e estavam relacionados aos problemas externalizantes (39%) ou internalizantes (26%) das crianças ou ao declínio do bem-estar subjetivo dos pais (29%). Serviços de apoio devem orientar os pais quanto ao uso de práticas responsivas e assertivas que promovam o bem-estar emocional da criança e estabeleçam expectativas comportamentais em contextos estressantes. A diminuição dos conflitos entre pais e filhos resultante do uso dessas estratégias tende a reduzir o sofrimento dos pais, aumentando sua sensação de bem-estar subjetivo. Recomenda-se ampla divulgação dessas iniciativas e seguimento dos casos.(AU)


The social distancing the COVID-19 pandemic entailed has led to profound changes in the routine of families with young children, increasing stress in the home environment. This study analyzed the experience of planning and implementing a university extension program that offered support to parents with children from 0 to 11 years old via audio calls during the COVID-19 pandemic. The service protocol was developed to meet the needs of low-income families and listed specific problems related to home confinement and school closure followed by a variety of coping strategies. The analysis of 223 complaints reported by users in 130 calls revealed that 94% of the problems reported by parents were addressed by the protocol and were related to children's externalizing (39%) or internalizing (26%) problems or to the decline in parents' subjective well-being (29%). Support services should guide parents on the use of responsive and assertive practices that promote the child's emotional well-being and set behavioral expectations in stressful contexts. The reduction in conflicts between parents and children resulting from the use of these strategies tends to reduce parents' suffering, increasing their sense of subjective well-being. Wide dissemination of these initiatives and case follow-up are recommended.(AU)


La distancia social causada por la pandemia de COVID-19 condujo a cambios profundos en la rutina de las familias con niños pequeños, aumentando el estrés en el entorno del hogar. Este estudio analizó la experiencia de planificar e implementar un proyecto de extensión universitaria que ofreció orientación a los padres con niños de cero a 11 años a través de llamadas de audio durante la pandemia COVID-19. El protocolo de atención se desarrolló para satisfacer las necesidades de las familias de bajos ingresos y enumeró problemas específicos relacionados con el confinamiento en el hogar y el cierre de la escuela, seguido de una variedad de estrategias de afrontamiento. El análisis de 223 quejas informadas por los usuarios en 130 llamadas reveló que el 94% de los problemas informados por los padres fueron abordados por el protocolo de atención y estaban relacionados con los problemas de externalización (39%) o internalización (26%) de los niños o la disminución del bienestar subjetivo de los padres (29%). Los servicios de apoyo deberían aconsejar a los padres sobre el uso de prácticas receptivas y asertivas que promuevan el bienestar emocional del niño y establezcan expectativas de comportamiento en contextos estresantes. La reducción de los conflictos entre padres e hijos como resultado del uso de estas estrategias tiende a reducir el sufrimiento de los padres, aumentando su sensación de bienestar subjetivo. Se recomienda una amplia difusión de estas iniciativas y seguimiento de casos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Orientation , Parents , Personal Satisfaction , Child , Problem Behavior , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Parent-Child Relations , Appetite , Play and Playthings , Problem Solving , Psychology , Psychomotor Agitation , Quality of Life , Reading , Recreation , Remedial Teaching , Respiratory Tract Infections , Safety , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , School Health Services , Self Concept , Autistic Disorder , Sleep , Social Adjustment , Social Conditions , Social Conformity , Social Environment , Social Isolation , Social Problems , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Task Performance and Analysis , Telephone , Temperament , Therapeutics , Time , Unemployment , Violence , Behavior Therapy , Work Hours , Health Policy, Planning and Management , Child Abuse, Sexual , Boredom , Neurosciences , Virus Diseases , Activities of Daily Living , Bereavement , Exercise , Divorce , Child Abuse , Child Development , Mental Health , Mass Vaccination , Relaxation Therapy , Immunization , Self-Injurious Behavior , Civil Rights , Parenting , Panic Disorder , Interview , Cognition , Domestic Violence , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Lecture , Disabled Children , Wit and Humor , Internet , Creativity , Crisis Intervention , Crying , Disaster Vulnerability , Psychosocial Impact , Personal Autonomy , Death , Friends , Aggression , Depression , Drive , Economics , Education, Special , Educational Status , Emotions , Empathy , Faculty , Family Conflict , Family Relations , Fear , Binge Drinking , Meals , Return to Work , Hope , Optimism , Pessimism , Self-Control , Phobia, Social , Psychosocial Support Systems , Work-Life Balance , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Screen Time , Disgust , Sadness , Solidarity , Psychological Distress , Psychosocial Intervention , Teleworking , Financial Stress , Food Insecurity , Sentiment Analysis , Sociodemographic Factors , Social Vulnerability , Family Support , Government , Guilt , Holistic Health , Homeostasis , Hospitalization , Household Work , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Anger , Learning , Learning Disabilities , Leisure Activities , Loneliness , Mental Disorders
4.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 42: e242969, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1422387

ABSTRACT

Este artigo tem como objetivo trabalhar com a concepção de "conhecimento encarnado" defendida por Ignácio Martín-Baró, estabelecendo relações entre este conceito e o campo da Psicologia Social. Num primeiro momento, fazemos uma pequena contextualização dos efeitos de uma greve universitária que durou quatro meses, considerando que os principais efeitos que devemos debater são aqueles que estão relacionados às experimentações do espaço educacional, assim como às ressonâncias das narrativas externas ao mundo universitário. Em seguida, mesclamos experiências do cotidiano da universidade com narrativas de diferentes atores sociais sobre a greve e a própria formação, a fim de desenvolver uma teoria analítica das práticas educacionais em Psicologia Social a partir de um diálogo com Ignácio Martín-Baró. Destacamos as três perguntas apresentadas pelo autor para problematizar a história da Psicologia Social: o que nos mantém unidos numa ordem social? O que nos integra à ordem estabelecida? O que nos libera da desordem estabelecida? Entre os diferentes conceitos criados pelo autor, privilegiamos a ideia de conhecimento encarnado, realidade vivida, realidade estudada e ação ideológica.(AU)


This article aims to work with the conception of "incarnate knowledge" defended by Ignácio Martin-Baró establishing relationships between this concept and the field of Social Psychology. At first, we briefly contextualize the effects of a strike in the university environment that lasted four months, considering that the main effects that we should debate are those related to experimentations of the educational space and the resonances of the external narratives in the university world. Then, we blended experiences of the university's quotidian with narratives of different social actors about the strike and the training itself to develop an analytic theory of the educational practices in Social Psychology from a dialog with Ignácio Martin-Baró. We highlight three questions presented by the author to challenge the history of Social Psychology: what holds us together in a social order? What integrates us into the established order? What frees us from the established disorder? Among the different concepts created by the author, we privileged the idea of incarnate knowledge, lived reality, studied reality, and ideological action.(AU)


Este artículo pretende trabajar con la concepción de conocimiento defendida por Ignácio Martín-Baró, estableciendo relaciones entre este conocimiento y el campo de la psicología social. En un primer momento, hacemos una pequeña contextualización de los efectos de una huelga universitaria, que tuvo una duración de cuatro meses, considerando que los principales efectos los cuales debemos debatir son aquellos que están relacionados con las experimentaciones del espacio educacional, así como las resonancias de las narrativas externas al mundo universitario. A continuación, mezclamos experiencias de un cotidiano de la universidad con narrativas de diferentes actores sociales sobre la huelga y la propia formación, con la finalidad de desarrollar una teoría analítica de las prácticas educacionales en la psicología social a partir de un diálogo con Ignácio Martin-Baró. Destacamos las tres preguntas presentadas por el autor para problematizar la historia de la psicología social: ¿Qué nos mantiene unidos en el orden social establecido? ¿Qué nos integra al orden establecido? ¿Qué nos libera del desorden establecido? Entre los diferentes conceptos creados por el autor, privilegiamos la idea de un conocimiento encarnado, realidad vivida, realidad estudiada y acción ideológica.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychology, Social , Teaching , Knowledge , Education , Persuasive Communication , Philosophy , Politics , Psychology , Repression, Psychology , Social Conformity , Social Problems , Socioeconomic Factors , Strikes, Employee , Universities , Work , Comment , Letter , Civil Rights , Conflict, Psychological , Guideline Adherence , Africa , Personal Autonomy , Comprehension , Environment , Science, Technology and Society , Ethics , Faculty , Indigenous Culture , Respect , Corruption , Functional Status , Information Motivation Behavioral Skills Model , History , Human Rights , Machiavellianism
5.
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ; : 29-29, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-880348

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND@#Public perceptions and personal characteristics are heterogeneous between countries and subgroups, which may have different impacts on health-protective behaviors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To assess whether self-reported perceptions of COVID-19 and personal characteristics are associated with protective behaviors among general adults and to compare patterns in six different countries.@*METHODS@#This cross-sectional study uses the secondary data collected through an online survey between 15 and 23 April 2020 across six countries (China, Italy, Japan, Korea, the UK, and the USA). A total of 5945 adults aged 18 years or older were eligible for our analysis. A logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of three recommended behaviors (wearing a mask, handwashing, and avoiding social gatherings).@*RESULTS@#In most countries except for China, the participants who perceived wearing a mask as being extremely effective to curtail the pandemic were more likely to wear a mask (OR, 95%CI: Italy: 4.14, 2.08-8.02; Japan: 3.59, 1.75-7.30; Korea: 7.89, 1.91-31.63: UK: 9.23, 5.14-17.31; USA: 4.81, 2.61-8.92). Those who perceived that handwashing was extremely effective had higher ORs of this preventive behavior (OR, 95%CI: Italy: 16.39, 3.56-70.18; Japan: 12.24, 4.03-37.35; Korea: 12.41, 2.02-76.39; UK: 18.04, 2.60-152.78; USA: 10.56, 2.21-44.32). The participants who perceived avoiding social gathering as being extremely effective to curtail the pandemic were more likely to take this type of preventive behavior (OR, 95%CI: China: 3.79, 1.28-10.23; Korea: 6.18, 1.77-20.60; UK: 4.45, 1.63-11.63; USA: 4.34, 1.84-9.95). The associations between personal characteristics, living environment, psychological status, and preventive behaviors varied across different countries. Individuals who changed their behavior because of recommendations from doctors/public health officials were more likely to take preventive behaviors in many countries.@*CONCLUSIONS@#These findings suggest that higher perceived effectiveness may be a common factor to encourage preventive behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These results may provide a better understanding of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of factors related to preventive behaviors and improve public health policies in various countries and groups.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Attitude to Health , COVID-19/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hand Disinfection , Health Behavior , Masks , Physical Distancing , SARS-CoV-2 , Self Report , Social Conformity
6.
rev. psicogente ; 22(41): 87-111, ene.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1014777

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar el continente semántico de las representaciones sociales, partiendo de la hipótesis teórica de que "el conocimiento es socialmente compartido". Método: El artículo presenta tres estudios en los que participaron un total de 1.659 sujetos, 52 % hombres y 48 % mujeres, seleccionados de manera intencional, por conveniencia, mayores de 16 años de edad, habitantes de la ciudad de Santa Marta, Colombia. Con metodología mixta y preponderancia en lo cualitativo, mediante las técnicas de Análisis Prototípico y Categorial de Representación Social, Análisis de Contenido y Lexicográfico, Asociación Libre de Palabras, apoyados con otros instrumentos, con 20 palabras o frases inductoras para extraer información. Resultados: En los diferentes estudios se produjeron 5.983 tokens (palabras totales) y 1.806 types (palabras diferentes) y el promedio de types por sujeto fue de 1,3. El estudio demuestra que el conocimiento tiene Contenido, Organización y Significado concreto e individual, aunque compartido socialmente, y la estructura semántica que se moviliza conserva unidades significantes cuantitativamente comunes y reducidas. Conclusión: Se demuestra que el continente semántico tiende a ser compacto, lo que sugiere que la cognición tiende a economizar energía y facilitar el comportamiento, yendo a interrelaciones más eficientes y estables.


Abstract Objective: This paper aims to identify semantic continet of social representations, focus on a theoretical hypothesis as follows: "socially shared knowledge". Method: This paper shows three studies. 1659 participants were sampled, 52 % men and 48 % women, intentionally selected, by convenience, over 16 years of age, inhabitants in Santa Marta, Colombia. A mixed methodology showing preponderance of qualitative results; also, techniques of Prototypical and Categorical Analysis of Social Representation, Content Analysis and Lexicographic, Free Association of Words, supported with other instruments, 20 words or phrases inducing to extract information were used. Results: According to different studies 5983 types (total words) and 1806 types (different words) and average of types per subject was 1.3. The study demonstrates that knowledge has concrete and individual although socially shared contents and the semantic structure that moved retains significant quantitatively common and reduced units. Conclusion: It has been shown in this research that the semantic content tends to be compact, suggesting that cognition tends to save energy and facilitate behavior, addressed to more efficient and stable interrelationships.


Subject(s)
Humans , Semantics , Social Conformity , Knowledge , Research , Behavior , Laboratory and Fieldwork Analytical Methods , Cognition
7.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 75(6): 327-337, nov.-dic. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011480

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Como marco intelectivo e interpretativo de este trabajo se propone y argumenta el diagnóstico del momento actual como colapso civilizatorio, provocado por la dominancia de los intereses de lucro sin límites, que ha sido posible por la insensibilidad y la permisividad mayoritarias de la población ante una degradación social y ecosistémica extrema. Detrás de tal «anestesia¼ está la dominación de conciencias y cuerpos basada en una educación que reproduce las ideas y las prácticas prevalentes en cada espacio social y perpetúa los rasgos degradantes: individualismo, especialización excluyente, pasividad, competitividad, consumismo y vulnerabilidad a la manipulación mediática. En esta primera parte, la crítica de la esfera educativa de la educación médica significó diferenciar y contrastar dos tipos de educación radicalmente distintos. El primero es la educación pasiva, de vigencia universal que subyace a la degradación, cuyo núcleo es la idea de conocimiento equiparable a un aprendizaje memorístico y acumulativo de información heterónoma y desvinculada, y por una pedagogía implícita centrada en estimular y facilitar el consumo y la asimilación acrítica de las verdades establecidas. El segundo es la educación participativa, una propuesta de superación de la pasiva, en la que el conocimiento es elaboración y reelaboración propia de los educandos con la mediación imprescindible de la crítica profunda, que construyen y reconstruyen versiones propias de sí mismos y su contexto; su pedagogía se resume en contagiar entusiasmo por entender quiénes somos y dónde estamos, y procurar ambientes propicios para la crítica y la elaboración de un conocimiento penetrante y liberador, que ha mostrado su factibilidad en situaciones concretas.


Abstract: This essay defines the current moment as a civilizatory collapse, consequence of the dominance of limitless profit interests, which has been possible due to the insensitivity and permissiveness of most of the population in the face of extreme social and ecosystemic degradations. In the background of such "anesthesia" there is the predominant education and its key role in the reproduction of prevalent social ideas and practices and in the perpetuation of degrading traits: individualism, exclusionary specialization, passivity, competitiveness, consumerism and vulnerability to media manipulation. With this intellective and interpretive framework, the concept of deep and creative critique was updated in order to deepen the critique of medical education, allowing for the differentiation and contrast of two radically different types of education. Firstly, the passive education, reproductive of the degrading traits of universal validity, whose core is the idea of knowledge comparable to a cumulative rote learning of heteronomous and unrelated information, and by an implicit pedagogy focused on facilitating the consumption and uncritical assimilation of established truths. Secondly, the participatory education (proposal to overcome the passive), where knowledge is the elaboration and re-elaboration of students with the essential mediation of critique. The students construct and reconstruct their own versions of themselves and their context; the implicit pedagogy is condensed in infecting enthusiasm to understand who we are and where we are, and procure conducive environments for critique and the elaboration of a progressively penetrating and liberating knowledge that has shown its feasibility in specific situations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Environment , Knowledge , Education, Medical/classification , Social Norms , Social Conformity , Education, Medical/standards , Education, Medical/methods
8.
Fortaleza; s.n; 2016. 229 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-971983

ABSTRACT

O SUS brasileiro é fruto de uma reflexão revolucionária no pensamento da construção social em Saúde, iniciada em um período de grande efervescência política de luta pela redemocratização do País. Na construção do SUS, dois textos são fundantes: A Constituição Federal de 1988 e a lei 8080/90. Ambos pertencem ao domínio discursivo jurídico. Essa reflexão revisitou os chamados princípios doutrinários do SUS, apoiados sobre os seguintes fundamentos: igualdade, universalidade, solidariedade, integralidade e saúde como direito de todos e dever do Estado brasileiro, premissas que dão sustentação ao Sistema de Saúde brasileiro, essências pelas quais não há sustentação do ponto de vista da construção semiótica, para a existência do SUS, por serem estes o enunciado e os valores euforizados, modalizantes, para o saber fazer do Estado na consecução do objeto Saúde. O Estado, no texto, tem a função social precípua da proteção de proprietários e a viabilização da propriedade. O SUS por meio das leis federais nº 8.080/90 e 8.142/90, leis orgânica da saúde e do controle social,ou da participação comunitária, respectivamente, insere-se significantemente no sentido das esferas social de Arendt e pública política de Habermas. Para a análise da Saúde nesse contexto optamos pela abordagem Semiótica proposta por Greimas...


The Brazilian SUS is the result of a revolutionary thought in the thinking of social construction in Health, started in a period of great political ferment of struggle for democratization of the country the construction of SUS, two (2) texts are founding:The Federal Constitution of 1988 and the law nº 8080/90. Both belong to the legal discursive domain. For the analysis of Health in this context we opted for the Semiotics approach proposed by Greimas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Values , Comprehensive Health Care , Social Conformity , Social Norms , Social Control, Informal
9.
Estud. psicol. (Campinas) ; 32(3): 557-568, Jul-Sep/2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-753988

ABSTRACT

El discurso de un conocido grupo guerrillero mexicano, el Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, es tomado, no como un objeto de estudio, sino como una forma de estudio, es decir, como fuente de una perspectiva psicológica de reflexión e investigación, de acción y transformación. De modo más preciso, el artículo presenta la crítica puntual que el Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional dirige hacia tres psicologías ideológicas profanas y empíricas, tácitamente aceptadas y ampliamente difundidas en la sociedad, a saber, las psicologías conformista, despótica y desmemoriada. Se considera que estas tres psicologías subyacen a ciertas corrientes y teorías en la disciplina psicológica científica hegemónica dentro del ámbito académico.


The discourse of a well-known Mexican guerrilla group, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation, is taken, not as a study object, but as a form of study, i.e., as a source of a psychological perspective of reflection and research, of action and transformation. More precisely, the paper discusses the Zapatista critique towards three secular and empirical ideological psychologies -the three tacitly accepted and widespread in society -, namely the conformist, despotic and forgetful psychologies. It is considered that these psychologies underlie certain trends and theories in the hegemonic scientific psychological discipline within academia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Memory , Power, Psychological , Social Conformity
10.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 24(4): 1337-1360, Oct-Dec/2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-732648

ABSTRACT

O artigo traz reflexões sobre a noção de alimentação saudável, produzida no imaginário social na sociedade ocidental contemporânea, orientada por uma concepção de saúde reduzida à busca de cura ou prevenção da doença. Subsídios teóricos das Ciências Sociais e Humanas propiciaram melhores condições para compreender a alimentação como temática intersticial de articulação entre o biológico e o psicossocial. Destacamos a alimentação saudável derivada da racionalidade científica moderna e de normatividade geral e problematizamos a discursividade da promoção da alimentação saudável a partir do conceito de biopoder de Foucault. Não negamos o valor das evidências epidemiológicas sobre a relação direta entre alimentação e adoecimento e reconhecemos que conhecer é melhor do que ignorar quando é preciso agir. No entanto, por entendermos que para o (re)estabelecimento da saúde, em nutrição, é necessário mais do que prescrever nutrientes e alimentos, acreditamos que não devemos normatizar a alimentação e olhar para a informação científica como algo absoluto. Instrumentos conceituais e fundamentos teóricos que não estão no "verdadeiro" do discurso biológico fazem-se necessários nas proposições sobre a alimentação saudável, uma vez que interesses políticos e econômicos dos setores hegemônicos ligados à dimensão biomédica não deixam muito espaço para a discussão das questões psíquicas e sociais...


The article approaches some thoughts about the notion of healthy eating produced in the social imaginary in contemporary Western society oriented for health as a search for cure or disease prevention. Theoretical basis of Sciences and Humanities provided better conditions to understand feeding as an interstitial thematic articulation between the biological and psychosocial. First, we emphasize healthy eating derived from modern scientific rationality and general normativity. Then we problematize the discursivity of health promotion from the Foucault's concept of biopower. We do not deny the value of the epidemiological evidence about the direct relationship between food and illness and we recognize that knowing is better than ignoring when action is needed. However, we believe that we should not normalize feeding and look at scientific information as something absolute, because we believe that for the (re)establishment of health more than prescribing nutrients and food is required. The economic and the political interests of hegemonic sectors related to the biomedical dimension does not allow much space for the discussion of psychological and / or social matters. So, new conceptual tools and theoretical foundations that are not in the "true" of the biological discourse are needed in propositions on healthy eating...


Subject(s)
Humans , Diet , Health-Disease Process , Social Conformity , Disease Prevention
11.
Saúde Soc ; 23(1): 54-66, Jan-Mar/2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-710439

ABSTRACT

Por meio de uma análise etnográfica das interfaces sociais entre agentes do Estado e estudantes cabo-verdianos em Portugal, observadas através da observação participante em consultas médicas, em trabalho social, no Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras e no serviço jurídico de apoio ao imigrante, este artigo pretende examinar as práticas disciplinares do Estado e as negociações e lutas de poder que ocorrem. Os casos etnográficos discutidos demonstram como a ideia de um Estado neutro e justo que trata todos os cidadãos em pé de igualdade é simultaneamente reproduzida e negada na prática, elucidando como o Estado constitui um símbolo de união de uma efetiva desunião. Os exemplos etnográficos também apontam para outras dimensões da prática do Estado, além dos micropoderes disciplinares, onde se cria espaço para flexibilidade e adaptação. E é nesse sentido que etnografias das interfaces entre Estado e cidadão servem para relativizar interpretações excessivamente sistemáticas da governamentalidade, ilustrando como os efeitos das práticas contraditórias do Estado são tão imprevisíveis como a ação humana...


Using an ethnographic analysis of the social interfaces between state agents and Cape Verdean students in Portugal, observed through participant observation in medical appointments, social work, immigration services and legal support to immigrants, this article aims to examine disciplinary state practices and the negotiations and power struggles that take place. The ethnographic cases discussed demonstrate how the idea of a fair and neutral state is simultaneously reproduced and denied in practice, thus elucidating the state as a symbol of union of an effective disunity. The ethnographic examples also indicate other dimensions of state practice, besides micro-disciplinary powers, which create room for flexibility and adaptation. And it is in this sense that ethnographies of interfaces between state and citizen offer a more relative perspective of excessively systematic interpretations of governmentality, illustrating how the effects of contradictory state practices are as unpredictable as human action itself...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Adjustment , Anthropology, Cultural , Social Conformity , Emigrants and Immigrants/legislation & jurisprudence , State , Students , Social Control Policies
12.
Summa psicol. UST ; 11(1): 7-18, 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-723024

ABSTRACT

Este artículo revisa la relación sujeto / cultura desde una lectura psicoanalítica. Inicialmente presenta el paso de la modernidad a la postmodernidad mostrando sus efectos subjetivos. En función de ese paso, se describe el punto de partida propuesto por Freud a propósito del Malestar en la cultura, que da cuenta de un modo de estar en la sociedad desde la restricción. Finalmente se describe un nuevo malestar que orienta las vivencias subjetivas a partir del exceso, sostenido por el cientificismo y el discurso capitalista imperante.


This article reviews the subject / culture relationship from a psychoanalytic reading. Initially it presents the transition from modernity to postmodernity showing their subjective effects. Based on this transition, Freud`s starting point is proposed in relation with the discomfort in culture that accounts for a way of being in society from the restriction. Finally a new discomfort that guides the subjective experiences from the excess, supported by scientism and the prevailing capitalist discourse is described.


Subject(s)
Humans , Capitalism , Social Conformity , Postmodernism , Psychoanalysis
13.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144115

ABSTRACT

Background : Smile is a crucial factor in creating a good first impression. However conditions like dental fluorosis hamper the esthetics of teeth. This study was conducted to find out whether young adults attribute socially relevant characteristics to people with dental fluorosis. Materials and Methods : A total of 150 young adults were presented with images of individuals with different severity levels of dental fluorosis along with images of normal tooth appearance on a computer screen. They had to attribute various socially relevant characteristics to these images. Images were digitally manipulated to simulate dental fluorosis. Images were displayed on a computer screen and Visual Basic Software was used to record the participants' responses as well as the time taken to respond. The time taken to respond or response latency indicates the response strength. Statistical analysis : A chi-square test was used to test the association between the dental appearances and the socially relevant characteristics. A Mann--Whitney test was used to compare the time taken to respond. Results : As the severity of fluorosis increases, participants attribute less and less of positive characteristics. Attribution of negative characteristics also increases with the severity of dental fluorosis. For images with moderate and severe fluorosis, respondents took more time to accept positive characteristics and less time to reject positive characteristic. This means that the participants felt strongly when rejecting positive characteristics in these images. Conclusion : Social judgments are made by young adults when viewing digitally manipulated images of different levels of fluorosis.


Subject(s)
Face/anatomy & histology , Fluorosis, Dental/diagnostic imaging , Fluorosis, Dental/psychology , Humans , Social Adjustment , Social Behavior , Social Conformity , Social Desirability , Social Perception , Visual Perception/psychology , Young Adult
14.
Rev. latinoam. psicopatol. fundam ; 15(1): 82-93, mar. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-625002

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho aborda a função que o ideário da inclusão/exclusão conquistou entre adolescentes na cena contemporânea, no percurso de desprendimento que realizam das referências familiares até a participação em redes relacionais e institucionais mais amplas. A partir da escuta clínica, percebe-se que a fantasia de estar dentro ou fora de cada contexto específico tornou-se a referência preponderante no imaginário destes sujeitos, então subjugados a uma lógica dicotômica e tirânica que tende a restringir a plasticidade de seus recursos simbólicos.


This paper discusses the role of ideas associated with the concepts of inclusion and exclusion plays among contemporary teenagers during the process of freeing themselves from family references and becoming part of more extensive institutional and relational networks. From listening to such teenagers in a clinical context, it becomes clear that the feeling of being inside or outside each specific context has become the dominant reference in their imagination and that they are therefore subject to a dichotomous and oppressive logic that tends to restrict the plasticity of their symbolic resources.


Le sujet du présent travail porte sur la fonction que la question de l'inclusion/exclusion a conquis parmi les adolescents dans le scénario contemporain, dans leurs parcours de détachement des références familiales jusqu'à leur participation dans les réseaux relationnels et institutionnels plus étendus. À partir de l'écoute clinique, on s'aperçoit que la fantaisie d'être en dedans ou en dehors de chaque contexte spécifique est devenue une référence importante dans l'imaginaire de ces sujets, jusqu'à présent assujettie à une logique dichotomique et tyrannique qui a la tendance à restreindre la plasticité de leurs recours symboliques.


El texto aborda la función que el ideario sobre inclusión/exclusión en la escena contemporánea ha conquistado entre los adolescentes en la trayectoria que hacen desde el desprendimiento de sus relaciones familiares hacia su participación en redes de relaciones e en instituciones más amplias. A partir de la escucha clínica, se percibe que la fantasía de estar dentro o fuera de un dado contexto específico se constituyó en la referencia preponderante en el imaginario de estos sujetos, consequentemente quedan subyugados a una lógica dicotómica y tiránica que tiende a limitar la plasticidad de sus recursos simbólicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adolescent Behavior , Social Conformity , Social Desirability
15.
Psychol. av. discip ; 5(2): 155-162, dic. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-659472

ABSTRACT

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito determinar el nivel de autoestima en un grupo de niños de 8 a 11 años de edad del grado 4° de primaria de un colegio público de la ciudad de Bogotá. Para ello se utilizó un diseño descriptivo simple de corte transversal y se aplicó el cuestionario de auto-concepto de Piers-Harris para niños. Los resultados muestran que en general el grupo tiene un nivel moderadamente alto, lo que probablemente indicaría que los niños están formando sus valores y componentes con relación a la autoestima de una forma adecuada, para que éstos sean duraderos dentro del desarrollo vital y ayuden a fortalecerla.


The goal of the study was to establish the different levels of self-esteem in a group of children from 8 to 11 years old, of fourth grade of a public school from Bogotá. For this reason we used a simple descriptive design with a cross-section and we will apply the Piers-Harris questionnaire of self-esteem for children. The results show that in general the group has a moderately high level, which probably indicate that children are forming their values and components relating to self-esteem in an appropriate way, for them to be durable in the vital development and help to strengthened it.


Subject(s)
Perception , Self Concept , Social Conformity , Child Behavior , Schools , Volition , Education, Primary and Secondary , Life Style
16.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-159443

ABSTRACT

Aim – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are one of the most common childhood and adolescent neuropsychiatric disorders. Adolescents with these disorders experience difficulties and impairments in various domains of life. However studies on functional impairments in adolescents with these disorders are lacking in India. This study was conducted with the aim to study and compare the functional impairments of Indian adolescents suffering with these disorders. Methods – 57 adolescents (36 having ADHD and 21 having OCD) between the age group 13 years to less than 18 years were recruited during the study period. HONOSCA, VABSII and C-GAS were applied to study the social, relational, emotional, adaptive and global functioning of these adolescents. The two groups were compared with each other using appropriate statistical methods. Result – Adolescents with ADHD had significantly greater impairments in the areas of ‘disruptive, antisocial and aggressive behavior’, ‘peer relationships’ and ‘self care and independence’ whereas adolescents with OCD had significantly greater impairments in the areas of ‘emotional and related problems’ and ‘poor school attendance’. Significantly greater number of adolescents with ADHD were below average in their functioning in the ‘receptive’ (77.8%) and ‘written’ (75%) subdomain and overall in the ‘communication’ domain (63.9%) as compared to the adolescents having OCD. Adolescents with ADHD were more impaired in their global functioning as compared to adolescents with OCD. Conclusion - There are important differences in the various correlates of functioning between the two groups of adolescents. The present findings have implications in the planning for treatment intervention in these adolescents to make them more cost effective and efficient.


Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Humans , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/psychology , Quality of Life/psychology , Social Conformity
17.
São Paulo; Cortez; 8 ed; 2011. 415 p. (Para um novo senso comum: a ciência, o direito e a política na transição paradigmática, 1).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-609598
18.
Psicol. soc. (Impr.) ; 22(2): 236-246, maio-ago. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-562137

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa bibliográfica que problematiza a sustentação subjetiva de práticas psicossociais conformistas. Para discutirmos nosso objeto de estudo, primeiramente adentramos no campo sociológico, na busca por compreender o nascedouro da atual organização do trabalho. Assim, foi possível entender o emergir do modelo toyotista de produção, o papel das mobilizações dos trabalhadores das décadas de 1950 a 1970 na vida socioeconômica e política dos indivíduos. Esta investigação viabilizou a historicização da subjetividade do homem contemporâneo e o sofrimento psicossocial paralisador no qual vive hoje. Pudemos discutir a cumplicidade inconsciente da subjetividade sob esses processos dolorosos, sua adesão a formas de pseudoindividuação engendradas pela indústria cultural. Por fim, analisamos a fragilização dos vínculos sociais ante a competição e o processo de internalização das injunções sociais violentadoras, sustentadas pelo sentimento de culpabilidade e suas consequências nas subjetividades atuais.


This reasearch intends to problematize the subjective support of conformist psychosocial practices. In order to discuss about our case study, first we have to enter in the sociological field, trying to understand the the birthplace of the current organization of Labor. The emergence of the Toyotist model, the role of mobilizations of workers in the decades from 1950 to1970, in the socioeconomic and political life of people. Investigations made feasible the historicization of contemporary human subjectivity and the psychosocial suffering which people experience today. We could discuss the unconscious complicity of subjectivity under these painful processes, its adherence to forms of pseudo-individualization engendered by the culture industry. Finally, we analyzed the weakening of social ties in the face of competition and the process of internalisation of violent social orders, underpinned by feelings of guilt and its consequences in the current subjectivities.


Subject(s)
Stress, Psychological/psychology , Individuality , Social Conformity , Occupational Groups/psychology , Working Conditions , Dissent and Disputes , Guilt
19.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 19(4): 1051-1065, 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-542545

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho analisa, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica assistemática, como a distinção entre o corpo masculino e o feminino produzida pela ciência desde o século XIX, especialmente pelo discurso e prática médica, enunciadores legítimos dos desígnios naturais dos corpos, vem contribuir para a construção de uma inferioridade do corpo feminino que legitima desigualdades de gênero vigentes nas sociedades tradicionais que, de algum modo, ainda se reproduzem ou permanecem na contemporaneidade.


This paper analyzes, from an unsystematic literature review, how the distinction between male and female body produced by science since the 19th century, especially through the discourse and practice of medicine, legitimate enunciators of bodily legitimate designs, can help make the construction of inferiority of the female body that legitimizes gender inequality in traditional societies that, somehow, still reproduce or remain in the contemporary world.


Subject(s)
Humans , Behavior Control/history , Social Control, Informal/history , Concept Formation/ethics , Gender Identity , Human Body , Role , Social Status , Cultural Characteristics , Women's Rights/trends , Social Conformity , Somatotypes/psychology
20.
Córdoba; s.n; 2009. 48 p. ilus.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-545187

ABSTRACT

Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo que aborda al niño/a y su acontecer en la naturaleza de la enfermedad “crónica” como modo de existencia, desde la especificidad de la intervención del Trabajo Social. 186 sujetos diagnosticados y tratados en el Hospital de Niños de Córdoba Argentina componen la muestra, de los cuales 138 presentan diagnóstico de diabetes ( insulino dependientes ) entre 0 a 14 años y mas; 48 sujetos con diagnóstico de enfermedad neoplásica ( Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda, Leucemia Mieloide Aguda y Tumor de Wilms ) entre 10 y 14 años. Ambos grupos, en su mayoría, pertenecen a familias nucleares que están en una situación económica que los ubica bajo la línea de pobreza e indigencia. Proceden de la capital e interior de la provincia de Córdoba. Se exploraron dimensiones sociales a través de un cuestionario sobre estilos de afrontamientos de la enfermedad, reportando que en la mayoría de los sujetos que padecen neoplasias existe interacción recíproca de factores individuales y ambientales, entre los cuales se evidencia la evitación emocional como canal de expresión más visualizada. En los enfermos diabéticos, las dimensiones más representativas destacan que las relaciones familiares son generadoras de factores rotectores y de riesgo, en los casos donde aparecen la sobreprotección y el abandono. En este grupo, las representaciones sociales siguen la lógica cotidiana del sentido común, revelando que al lado del pilar del enfoque terapeútico coexisten con el enfermo significados, actitudes y creencias que en definitiva ponen en circulación la permanente tendencia aceptación- negación, un continuo bipolar en la naturaleza humana del diabético.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Social Status , Child Health/psychology , Child , Child Health Services , Patients , Patients/psychology , Social Conformity , Social Support
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL